Synthesis of Renewable Poly(limonene): A Kinetic Modeling Study to Improve the Polymerization

Abstract Despite its potential in the production of polymers from renewable sources, D-limonene faces difficulties in its polymerization, resulting in low monomer conversion and molar mass. In order to investigate the non-ideality inherent kinetics, this work explores different modeling strategies for D-limonene radical polymerization, using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The starting model considered the classical approach for conventional radical polymerization. This model was then corrected by including reaction orders different from the unit. After an analysis and choice of the best model, computer simulations were compared with experimental results from literature, validating the chosen approach. It was found that the process is drastically influenced by chain transfer reactions, presenting a non-ideal behavior. Finally, an analysis of distinct reaction conditions provided information on monomer conversion, molar mass and polymer dispersity, which could guide future research in the synthesis optimization. Higher molar mass poly(limonene) were obtained by simultaneously reducing the monomer and initiator concentrations.

A randomized controlled trial of topical benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel with a low glycemic load diet versus topical benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel with a normal diet in acne (grades 1-3)

Background: The improvement in insulin resistance and acne lesions on low glycemic load diets in various studies suggests that diet plays a significant role in acne pathogenesis. Aims: To compare the efficacy of a low glycemic load diet plus topical benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel with that of only topical benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel in grades 1, 2 and 3 of acne vulgaris. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 84 patients with grades 1, 2 and 3 acne vulgaris were divided into two groups, to receive a low glycemic load diet and no dietary intervention respectively. Acne lesions (face) were scored and graded at baseline and 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and body mass index were measured during the first and last visits. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0. Results: Both groups showed significant reduction in acne counts at 12 weeks (P = 0.931) with no statistically significant difference between the groups. The differences in body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance between the groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Group 1 showed reductions in body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values at the end of the study, whereas group 2 did not. Limitations: Application of mild topical cleanser in both the groups might have contributed to the improvement in epidermal barrier function, and topical application of 2.5% of benzoyl peroxide gel in both groups contributed to the improvement in acne counts. Conclusions: A low glycemic load diet did not result in any significant improvement in acne counts.

Twice-per-week Application of an Adapalene-benzoyl Peroxide Fixed-dose Combination Gel as Maintenance Treatment for Acne Vulgaris in Adults / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of daily maintenance treatment with an adapalene-benzoyl peroxide (adapalene-BPO) fixed-dose combination gel is established in acne vulgaris in adults. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of twice-per-week maintenance therapy with an adapalene-BPO combination gel for acne vulgaris in adults. METHODS: All patients applied the adapalene-BPO combination gel once daily during the initial 8 weeks. Subsequently, the patients were randomized into two groups. The maintenance group applied the ointment twice-per-week for 12 weeks of maintenance treatment, while the control group discontinued treatment after the initial 8 weeks active treatment. The changes in the mean numbers of total, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory lesions were assessed. RESULTS: During maintenance treatment, the changes in the average numbers of total and inflammatory lesions in the maintenance group differed significantly from the control group. CONCLUSION: Twice-per-week application of an adapalene-BPO combination gel after active treatment appears to be a good option for the maintenance therapy of acne vulgaris in adults.

Multicenter study for efficacy and safety evaluation of a fixeddose combination gel with adapalen 01% and benzoyl peroxide 2 5% (Epiduo® for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Brazilian population

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The current options for the treatment of acne vulgaris present many mechanisms of action. For several times, dermatologists try topical agents combinations, looking for better results. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a topical, fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris in the Brazilian population. METHODS: This is a multicenter, open-label and interventionist study. Patients applied 1.0 g of the fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel on the face, once daily at bedtime, during 12 weeks. Lesions were counted in all of the appointments, and the degree of acne severity, overall improvement, tolerability and safety were evaluated in each visit. RESULTS: From 79 recruited patients, 73 concluded the study. There was significant, fast and progressive reduction of non-inflammatory, inflammatory and total number of lesions. At the end of the study, 75.3% of patients had a reduction of >50% in non-inflammatory lesions, 69.9% in inflammatory lesions and 78.1% in total number of lesions. Of the 73 patients, 71.2% had good to excellent response and 87.6% had satisfactory to good response. In the first week of treatment, erythema, burning, scaling and dryness of the skin were frequent complaints, but, from second week on, these signals and symptoms have reduced. CONCLUSION: The fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel is effective, safe, well tolerated and apparently improves patient compliance with the treatment.

Acne vulgaris management: what’s new and what’s still true.

Acne vulgaris is one of the commonest skin disorders that can affect individuals from childhood to adulthood, most often occurring in the teenage years. Regarding its management, what’s still true is that a wide range of treatment options are available, ranging from the commonly used topical treatments like benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, sulfur, antibiotics, retinoids and superficial chemical peels while the systemic treatments available include the use of systemic antibiotics, retinoids, and antiandrogens. What’s new in the management of acne vulgaris is the use of laser and light devices and other newer technologies. The present article reviews the use of above mentioned agents in the current scenario.

Effects of narrow spectrum red blue light combined with benzoyl peroxide gel in the treatment of acne vulgari / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the narrow spectrum red blue light combined with benzoyl peroxide gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris and their side effects.Methods A randomized comparative clinical trial was employed.One hundred and forty-eight patients were divided into the two groups by simple random method,the observation group,2 times per week to narrow spectrum red blue light treatment of 12 times in a row,topical benzoyl peroxide gel at the same time,the control group only six weeks,topical benzoyl peroxide gel evaluate efficacy and safety.Results Two groups of efficient light acne vulgaris patients were 91.11％ and 69.77％ respectively,with statistically significant difference (x2 =6.81,P ＜0.05);Patients with moderately severe acne vulgaris effectiveness were 86.67％ and 58.62％ respectively,efficient comparison between groups,with statistically significant difference (x2 =7.23,P ＜0.05).The observation group's efficience was higher than the control group's.Conclusion Narrow spectrum red blue light combined with benzoyl peroxide gel is an effective modality for treating acne vulgaris with rapid acting and few adverse effects.

Impact on quality-of-life: before and after topical combinational treatment in patients of acne vulgaris.

Background: The objective was to study quality-of-life in patients of acne vulgaris before and after treatment by benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and clindamycin 1% gel or benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and nadifloxacin 1% cream or tretinoin 0.025% and clindamycin 1% gel. Methods: This was a prospective, open, randomized, parallel comparative study of 60 patients of acne vulgaris attending the Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Government Medical College, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. Three groups were made 20 in each group, one group received benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and clindamycin 1% gel, the second group received benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel, and nadifloxacin 1% cream and the third group received tretinoin 0.025% and clindamycin 1% gel. Cardiff acne disability index questionnaire was filled before starting and after the treatment. Results: In these three groups, it was found that the group on benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and clindamycin 1% gel, mean score, before starting treatment was 8.35±3.48 and after treatment was 2.95±2.09 (p<0.001), group on benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and nadifloxacin 1% cream, mean score, before starting treatment was 7.60±3.75 and after treatment was 5.80±2.98 (p<0.001) and group on tretinoin 0.025% and clindamycin 1% gel mean score is 8.00±3.06 and after treatment was 5.40±2.93 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Quality-of-life improves more in patients taking benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and clindamycin 1% gel, and then, tretinoin 0.025% and clindamycin 1% gel and then benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel and nadifloxacin 1% cream.

Effects of Adapalene-Benzoyl Peroxide Combination Gel in Treatment or Maintenance Therapy of Moderate or Severe Acne Vulgaris: A Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: An antibiotic-free, fixed-dose combination gel with adapalene (A) 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5% has been developed for treatment of acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of A-BPO combination gel with vehicle gel for treatment or maintenance therapy of patients with acne vulgaris. METHODS: An electronic search of the database PubMed (1966 to September 2012), Embase (1984 to September 2012), and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL; 3rd Quarter, 2012) was undertaken to identify relevant studies. Main clinical outcomes were success rate, treatment-related adverse events (AEs), AEs leading to discontinuation, satisfaction with the effectiveness, and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: Six studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. The A-BPO group yielded better clinical outcomes regarding the success rate (p<0.00001), satisfaction with the effectiveness of treatment (p=0.005), and overall satisfaction (p=0.005) compared to the vehicle group. The incidence of treatment-related AEs in the A-BPO group was comparable with that of vehicle group (p=0.09), while the A-BPO group was associated with a slightly increase in the incidence of AEs leading to discontinuation when compared with the vehicle group (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: A-BPO combination gel yields better clinical outcomes including success rate, satisfaction with the effectiveness, and overall satisfaction compared to vehicle gel, despite an increased incidence of AEs leading to discontinuation. The A-BPO combination agent most likely contributes to the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris rather than severe acne vulgaris, but it may be useful in maintenance therapy of patients with severe acne vulgaris.

Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and Treatment-Related Skin Irritation of Adapalene-Benzoyl Peroxide Combination Gel and Adapalene Gel in Acne Patients: A Randomized Comparative Study / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: While adapalene and benzoyl peroxide have both been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of acne vulgaris, they can also cause skin irritation, resulting in patient incompliance. In addition, the irritation may be severe when adapalene is co-administered with benzoyl peroxide. OBJECTIVE: The intention of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 2.5% fixed-dose combination gel, and adapalene 0.1% gel monotherapy, for the treatment of mild to moderate acne. Any changes in the skin barrier function were also measured. METHODS: A total of 52 patients applied adapalene-benzoyl peroxide gel or adapalene gel once daily. The changes in lesion counts, investigator's global assessment, patient satisfaction, and adverse events were recorded for 6 weeks. The biophysical profiles of the skin, including transepidermal water loss and redness, were measured for 3 weeks. RESULTS: Both agents were effective for the treatment of acne lesions. Adapalene-benzoyl peroxide showed a faster onset of action than adapalene, especially on inflammatory lesions. However, at week 6, both agents showed a similar effect in reducing lesion counts. While most patients in both groups experienced skin irritation from week 1, this gradually reduced. Likewise, the changes in transepidermal water loss and redness showed peak rates at week 1 and 2, but decreased over time. CONCLUSION: Adapalene-benzoyl peroxide gel is effective for the treatment of acne with a safety profile comparable to adapalene gel. The skin irritation experienced may be associated with the changes in skin barrier disruption, which lasts for 1~2 weeks.

Uso da limeciclina associada com o peróxido de benzoíla no tratamento da hipomelanose macular progressiva: um estudo prospectivo / The use of lymecycline and benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a prospective study

A hipomelanose macular progressiva é uma dermatose de etiopatogenia pouco conhecida. A participação do Propionibacterium acnes e a resposta ao tratamento com medicamentos com atividade para essa bactéria têm sido sugeridas. Relata-se uma série de casos de 13 pacientes com hipomelanose macular progressiva tratados com limeciclina e peróxido de benzoíla durante três meses, que apresentaram excelente resposta ao tratamento e nele se mantêm durante o período de seguimento do estudo.

Progressive macular hypomelanosis is a dermatosis of uncertain etiology. The participation of Propionibacterium acnes has been suggested in view of the response achieved following therapy with drugs that are active against this bacterium. This report describes a series of thirteen patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis who were treated with an association of lymecycline and benzoyl peroxide over a three-month period. Response to treatment was excellent and the positive results were maintained during the entire follow up period.

Eficácia da combinação tópica de peróxido de benzoíla 5 por cento e clindamicina 1 por cento para o tratamento da hipomelanose macular progressiva: um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado / Efficacy of topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5 percent and clindamycin 1 percent for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial

FUNDAMENTOS: A hipomelanose macular progressiva é uma dermatose sem etiologia definida. Não há consenso ou medicação de primeira linha para o seu tratamento e os tratamentos utilizados são pouco eficazes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia terapêutica da combinação tópica de peróxido de benzoíla 5 por cento e clindamicina 1 por cento associada à exposição solar para o tratamento da hipomelanose macular progressiva. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado, no qual os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo A utilizou a combinação tópica de peróxido de benzoíla 5 por cento e clindamicina 1 por cento e o Grupo B usou um creme gel como placebo. Os pacientes foram orientados à exposição solar diária, avaliados e fotografados sistematicamente. Os dados coletados foram inseridos e analisados pelo software Epi Info. Definiu-se a significância estatística por valor de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos 23 pacientes incluídos, 13 foram do Grupo A e 10, do Grupo B. Onze pacientes do primeiro grupo (85 por cento) obtiveram melhora clínica importante e apenas dois (20 por cento) do segundo grupo obtiveram uma melhora clínica equivalente (p=0,003). Os efeitos colaterais foram mais frequentes nos pacientes do Grupo A (p=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: A combinação tópica de peróxido de benzoíla 5 por cento e clindamicina 1 por cento é eficaz no tratamento da hipomelanose macular progressiva.

BACKGROUND: Progressive macular hypomelanosis is a dermatosis without definite etiology. There is no consensus or first-line therapy in the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis, and the treatment options used are very little effective. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5 percent and clindamycin 1 percent associated with sun exposure for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which patients were divided into two groups. Group A used the topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5 percent and clindamycin 1 percent and Group B used gel cream as a placebo. Patients were advised to expose themselves to the sun on a daily basis and were systematically evaluated and photographed. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 23 patients included in the study, 13 were in group A and 10 in group B. Eleven patients (85 percent) in group A had significant clinical improvement and only two patients (20 percent) in group B showed an equivalent clinical improvement (p = 0.003). Side effects were more frequent in group A (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5 percent and clindamycin 1 percent is effective in the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis.

A Study of the Effectiveness in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Severity Acne with Adapalene-benzoyl Peroxide Fixed-dose Combination Gel (Epiduo(R)) / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: A fixed-dose combination gel with adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5% has been developed for once-daily treatment of acne. It is known to be effective to reduce inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions, but there have been no study in Korean yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene 0.1%-BPO 2.5% fixed-dose combination gel (adapalene-BPO) for the treatment of mild to moderate severity acne in Korean. METHODS: In total, 64 patients with mild to moderate severity acne were enrolled. Adapalene-BPO was applied to face once daily at night. The efficacy assessment was performed at baseline and monthly for 3 months: inflammatory lesions (IL), non-inflammatory lesions (NIL), total lesions (TL) were counted and median percentage changes of each lesion were measured for 3 months with patient satisfaction and adverse events questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 58 have completed 3-month treatments. Adapalene-BPO showed early onset of action with significant reduction in inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesion counts. The median percentage reduction of mild group from baseline to 3rd month was greater than moderate group in IL, NIL, and TL counts (71.1% vs 65%/61.4% vs 56.4%/67.7% vs 62% reduction). Also, patient satisfaction score improved and significant reduction of Korea Acne Grading System (KAGS) was noted in both groups. All the reported adverse events were mild. CONCLUSION: This study shows that adapalene-BPO is an effective and safe treatment regimen for both mild and moderate acne. It has a better effect for treating mild severity acne than moderate acne with reduction of the IL, NIL, and TL counts and greater patient satisfaction.

Estudo clínico, prospectivo, aberto, randomizado e comparativo para avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da luz azul versus peróxido de benzoíla 5 por cento no tratamento da acne inflamatória graus II e III / A prospective, randomized, open and comparative study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of blue light treatment versus a topical benzoyl peroxide 5 percent formulation in patients with acne grade II and III

FUNDAMENTOS: Muitos pacientes relatam melhora da acne com a exposição à luz solar, e vários estudos demonstram que a luz azul é efetiva no tratamento da acne. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a segurança e a eficácia da luz azul (espectro eletromagnético de 407 a 420 nm) no tratamento da acne inflamatória graus II e III, comparada à terapêutica tópica com peróxido de benzoíla a 5 por cento. MÉTODOS: O estudo avaliou 60 pacientes em cinco visitas: uma de seleção, uma com 7, 14 e 28 dias de tratamento e uma última de seguimento, 14 dias após o término do tratamento. Trinta foram randomizados para luz azul (oito sessões, duas vezes por semana), e outros 30, para peróxido de benzoíla a 5 por cento, duas vezes ao dia, diariamente. A avaliação foi por meio da contagem das lesões e fotografias. RESULTADOS: A redução no número médio de lesões foi semelhante com os dois tratamentos, independente do tipo de lesão (p 0,05), porém o tratamento com a luz azul apresentou menos efeitos colaterais. CONCLUSÕES: A luz azul foi um tratamento tão eficaz quanto o peróxido de benzoíla a 5 por cento para o tratamento da acne graus II e III, mas com menos efeitos adversos.

BACKGROUND: Many acne patients improve after exposure to sunlight and there are many reports about the efficacy of blue light phototherapy on acne lesions. OBJECTIVES - The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of blue light treatment versus topical benzoyl peroxide 5 percent formulation in patients with acne grades II and III. METHODS - Sixty volunteers with facial acne were included and evaluated in 5 visits: the first one for screening, another 3 held on days 7, 14 and 28 of treatment, and the last one after 14 days of the end of treatment. Thirty of them were irradiated with Blue Light (8 times, twice a week) and the other thirty were treated with topical Benzoyl Peroxide 5 percent formulation, auto-applied twice a day, every day. We assessed the severity of acne by counting the lesions and analyzing the photographs. RESULTS - The improvement achieved by the blue light was the same as the one with benzoyl peroxide, regardless of the type of lesion (p 0.05). Otherwise, the side effects were less frequent in the group treated with blue light. CONCLUSIONS - Blue light irradiation was as effective as Benzoyl Peroxide in acne treatment grades II and III but there were fewer side effects.

Comparative Study of Benzoyl Peroxide Versus Erythromycin in Trichomycosis Axillaris and Pubis / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Trichomycosis axillaris and pubis is a bacterial infection of the hair shaft. It is characterized by nodular thickening on the hair shaft, composed of colonies of aerobic Corynebacterium. Benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin topical application can be used successfully. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to compare treatment efficacy of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin in trichomycosis axillaris and pubis METHOD: The clinical study was made with 12 patients of trichomycosis axillaris and pubis. RESULT: Among 12 patients, 6 patients were treated by benzoyl peroxide topical application and the other by erythromycin. 1) All the affected patients were male, and mean age of onset was 31 years old. 2) Simultaneous involvement of axillae and pubis was found in 9 cases, and involvement of axillae only in 3 cases. 3) There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment efficacy between benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin (p> 0.05). 4) Infected hair shafts were removed by shaving in 7 cases. But shaving itself did not shorten the period for complete cure (p> 0.05). 5) Mean disease duration was 6.7 months and mean period for complete cure was 3.1 weeks. And there was no significant relation between disease duration and mean period for complete cure. 6) Only 1 case (8.3%) showed recurrence within 6 month-follow up, in which erythromycin topical application without shaving was used. 7) Among 12 cases, irritation and contact dermatitis were observed in 5 cases (41.7%). And these were all related with benzoyl peroxide application. CONCLUSION: Benzoyl peroxide is as effective as erythromycin in the treatment of trichomycosis axillaris and pubis. But, benzoyl peroxide have more side effect. Shaving itself is not necessag to treat trichomycosis.

Comparative Study of Benzoyl Peroxide Versus Clindamycin Phosphate in Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a bacterial infection of the stratum corneum. The infection is characterized by 1 to 7 mm discrete and coalescing craterlike pits on the plantar surfaces of the feet and toes, especially the weight-bearing areas. Topically applied antibiotics such as clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide erythromycin, and clotrimazole are curative. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to compare treatment efficacy of benzoyl peroxide (BP) and clindamycin phosphate (CP) in PK. METHOD: The clinical study was made in 44 patients with PK. Among 44 patients, 17 patients were treated by BP topical application alone, 15 patients treated by CP. And the others by combined topical application of BP and CP. RESULT: There were no significant differences in the treatment efficacy between BP and CP, and between monotherapy and combination therapy, neither. 1) Gender ratio showed extreme male predominance (M: F = 43: 1), and the mean age of onset was 22 years old. 2) Mean disease duration was 2.8 months and mean period for complete cure was 2.6 weeks. And there was no significant relation between disease duration and mean period for complete cure. 3) Hyperhidrosis (18.1%) was the most commonly associated condition with PK. The followings were Tinea pedis (13.6%), T. cruris (6.8%), erythrasma (6.8%), cellulitis (6.8%), osmidrosis (6.8%), wart (6.8%), and corn (6.8%) in the order of frequency. 4) There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment efficacy between BP and CP (p> 0.05). 5) Among 44 patients, irritation was observed in 4 cases (9.1%). Two cases were related with BP, and the others with CP. But these adverse effects were trivial and disappeared soon. 6) Four cases (9.1%) showed recurrence within 3 month-follow up. And they were all related with hyperhidrosis. There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between BP and CP, although patients treated with CP showed slightly higher recurrence rate (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that no significant difference in the treatment efficacy between benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin phosphate, and between monotherapy and combined therapy, neither. Therefore, combination therapy should be spared for only intractable PK.

Clinical efficacy and safety of differin gel in acne vulgaris / 中华医学美学美容杂志

0.05). Therefore, 3% metronidazle cream and differin gel had the same efficacy with 5% benzoyl peroxide gel, and more safety than 5% benzoyl peroxide gel. Conclusion 3% metronidazle cream is effective and safe in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Clinical Efficacy of Benzoyl Peroxide Gel with Different Concentrations in Acne Vulgaris / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of benzoyl peroxide gel(BPG)with different concentrations in the treatment of acne vulgaris,and to compare the quality between the domestic products with imported products.Methods The study was an open-controlled clinical trial.The patients were divided into4groups:imported2.5%,5%,10%gel and domestic5%gel.All preparations were ap-plied twice daily for6weeks.Study visits took place at baseline and week2,4and6.Results Different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide gel were effective for inflammatory lesions.The longer the course of treat-ment and the higher the drug concentration were,the better global clinical efficacy was,and the optimum concentration was5%or10%.In addition,the higher the drug concentration was,the higher adverse reac-tion rate was.Transient and mild local skin irritation occurred but was well tolerated by the patients.The imported benzoyl peroxide5%gel was as effective as domestic benzoyl peroxide5%gel,but the adverse re-action rate was less than the latter.Conclusion Different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide gel are all ef-fective and safe in the treatment of acne vulgaris,with the optimum concertration is5%or10%.